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R 時系列データのグラフ

Author
統計ソフトRの備忘録３
Published
2022/04/06
Updated
2022/04/29
Rzooxts
Article Outline

R 時系列データのグラフ

">Hits

（注意）Rコードのみ（グラフはなし）

月次データ

使うデータ：USAccDeaths

USAccDeaths
#       Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
#1973  9007  8106  8928  9137 10017 10826 11317 10744  9713  9938  9161  8927
#1974  7750  6981  8038  8422  8714  9512 10120  9823  8743  9129  8710  8680
#1975  8162  7306  8124  7870  9387  9556 10093  9620  8285  8466  8160  8034
#1976  7717  7461  7767  7925  8623  8945 10078  9179  8037  8488  7874  8647
#1977  7792  6957  7726  8106  8890  9299 10625  9302  8314  8850  8265  8796
#1978  7836  6892  7791  8192  9115  9434 10484  9827  9110  9070  8633  9240
str(USAccDeaths)
# Time-Series [1:72] from 1973 to 1979: 9007 8106 8928 9137 10017 ...

ts

tickを内側にしてみた

library(Hmisc)
par(mar=c(4,4,2,1),mgp=c(2,0.5,0))
plot(USAccDeaths,xlab="Date",ylab="",yaxt="n",col="brown3",bty="n",lwd=1.5,tck=0.016 )
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
axis(2,at=axTicks(2),labels=scales::comma(axTicks(2)),las=1,tck=0.016)
minor.tick(nx=2,ny=2,x.args= list(tck=0.01),y.args = list(tck=0.01))
text(x=par("usr")[1],y=par("usr")[4],labels="（人）",xpd=T,pos=2)
title("USAccDeaths")

zoo

library(zoo)
library(Hmisc)
par(mar=c(4,4,2,1),mgp=c(2,0.5,0))
d<- as.zoo(USAccDeaths)
plot.zoo(d,plot.type="single",xaxt="n",yaxt="n",xlab="Date",ylab="",bty="n",lwd=2,col="brown3") 
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
axis(1,at=axTicks(1),tck=0.016)
axis(2,at=axTicks(2),labels=scales::comma(axTicks(2)),las=1,tck=0.016)
minor.tick(nx=2,ny=2,x.args= list(tck=0.01),y.args = list(tck=0.01))
text(x=par("usr")[1],y=par("usr")[4],labels="（人）",xpd=T,pos=2)
title("USAccDeaths",cex.main=1.2)

xts

もっとも簡単だが、関数におまかせ。

library(xts)
d<- as.xts(USAccDeaths)
par(mar=c(4,5,2,1))
plot(d,main="USAccDeaths",yaxis.left =T,yaxis.right =F,col="brown3")

x軸：表示英語にしてみる(ロケールつつくのでご注意！)

# LC_TIMEの設定保存
lctime<- gsub("=","",strsplit(strsplit(Sys.getlocale() ,"LC_TIME")[[1]][2],";")[[1]][1])
# LC_TIMEの設定変更
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME","C")
d<- as.xts(USAccDeaths)
par(mar=c(4,5,2,1))
plot(d,main="USAccDeaths",yaxis.left =T,yaxis.right =F,col="brown3") 
#ロケールを元に戻す
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", lctime)
# Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "ja_JP.UTF-8")
# as.xts(USAccDeaths)

ggplot x軸：表示英語にしてみる(ロケールつつくのでご注意！)

library(ggplot2)
library(zoo)
# LC_TIMEの設定保存
lctime<- gsub("=","",strsplit(strsplit(Sys.getlocale() ,"LC_TIME")[[1]][2],";")[[1]][1])
# LC_TIMEの設定変更
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME","C")
d<- as.zoo(USAccDeaths)
dat <- data.frame(x=factor(as.vector(index(d)),levels=index(d)) , y=coredata(d))
# １月(Jan)の位置
pos <- seq(1,length(dat$x),12) 
#
#ggplot(dat,aes(x=1:length(x),y=y)) + 
ggplot(dat,aes(x=as.numeric(x),y=y)) + 
    geom_line(colour="brown3") +
    theme_bw(14) +
    scale_y_continuous(labels=scales::comma) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks=pos ,labels=dat$x[pos]) +
    labs(title="USAccDeaths",x="Date",y="")
#
# LC_TIMEのロケールを元に戻す
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", lctime)
# Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "ja_JP.UTF-8")
# as.xts(USAccDeaths)

ggplot (日付データにする方法)

library(ggplot2)
mat<- as.matrix(USAccDeaths)
date <- seq(as.Date("1973-01-01"),by="month",length.out=length(USAccDeaths))
# as.characterをつけて一旦文字に変換
rownames(mat)<- as.character(date)
# 目盛位置を指定するためDateクラスのベクトル作成。
datebreaks <- seq(date[1], tail(date,1), by="6 month")
df <- reshape2::melt(mat)
#
# as.Dateで日付データに戻す
ggplot(df,aes(x=as.Date(Var1),y=value)) + 
    geom_line() +
    theme_bw(12) +
    scale_x_date(breaks = datebreaks ,date_labels = "%y/%m") +
    scale_y_continuous(labels=scales::comma) +
    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=45, hjust=1))  +
    labs(title="USAccDeaths",x="Date",y="")

日次データ(線の色はggplotにあわせてみた)

使うデータ：airquality(1973 年5月から9月までのニューヨークの大気状態の観測値)

head(airquality)
#  Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
#1    41     190  7.4   67     5   1
#2    36     118  8.0   72     5   2
#3    12     149 12.6   74     5   3
#4    18     313 11.5   62     5   4
#5    NA      NA 14.3   56     5   5
#6    28      NA 14.9   66     5   6

matplot

library(scales)
library(Hmisc)
cols<- hue_pal()(4)
xaxt<- paste0(airquality[,"Month"],"月")
matplot(airquality[,1:4],las=1,type="l",lty=1,lwd=1.5,col=cols,bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="Date",ylab="")
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
at<- which(airquality[,"Day"]==1)
axis(1,at=at,labels=xaxt[at])
minor.tick(nx=F)
legend(x="topright",inset=-0.01,legend=colnames(airquality)[1:4],lwd=1.5,col=cols,title="Air",xpd=T)
title("airquality")

zoo

library(scales)
library(zoo)
library(Hmisc)
cols<- hue_pal()(4)
# zoo形式に変換
dat.zoo <- zoo(airquality[,1:4],seq(as.Date("1973-05-01"),by="day",length.out=nrow(airquality)))
plot(dat.zoo,plot.type="single",las=1,lwd=1.5,col=cols,xlab="Date",ylab="",bty="n")
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
minor.tick(nx=F)
legend(x="topright",inset=-0.01,legend=colnames(airquality)[1:4],lwd=1.5,col=cols,title="Air",xpd=T)
title("airquality")

xts

凡例の位置決めがやっかい

library(scales)
library(xts)
d<- as.xts(airquality[,1:4],seq(as.Date("1973-05-01"),by="day",length.out=nrow(airquality)))
plot(d,main="airquality",yaxis.left =T,yaxis.right =F,col=cols) 
legend(x="topright",inset=c(0,0.15),legend=colnames(airquality)[1:4],lwd=1.2,col=cols,title="Air",xpd=T,ncol=2,bg="white")

グリッド線が欲しいならggplot

matplot

library(scales)
library(Hmisc)
cols<- hue_pal()(4)
xaxt<- paste0(airquality[,"Month"],"月")
# type="n"で線を引かない
matplot(airquality[,1:4],las=1,type="n",bty="n",xaxt="n",xlab="Date",ylab="")
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
abline(h=seq(0,300,50),col="gray80",lwd=0.8)
abline(h=seq(25,350,50),col="gray80",lwd=0.4)
at<- which(airquality[,"Day"]==1)
abline(v=at ,col="gray80",lwd=0.8)
axis(1,at=at,labels=xaxt[at])
minor.tick(nx=F)
# ここで線を引く
matlines(airquality[,1:4], type = "l",col = cols, lwd =1.5,lty = 1)
legend(x="topright",inset=-0.01,bg="white",legend=colnames(airquality)[1:4],lwd=1.5,col=cols,title="Air",xpd=T)
title("airquality")

zoo

library(scales)
library(zoo)
library(Hmisc)
cols<- hue_pal()(4)
# zoo形式に変換
dat.zoo <- zoo(airquality[,1:4],seq(as.Date("1973-05-01"),by="day",length.out=nrow(airquality)))
# type="n"で線を引かない
plot(dat.zoo,plot.type="single",type="n",las=1,xlab="Date",ylab="",bty="n")
abline(v=seq(as.Date("1973-05-01"),by="month",length=6),col="gray80",lwd=0.8)
abline(h=seq(0,300,50),col="gray80",lwd=0.8)
abline(h=seq(25,350,50),col="gray80",lwd=0.4)
minor.tick(nx=FALSE)
box(bty="l",lwd=2.5)
# ここで線を引く
for (i in 1:ncol(dat.zoo)){
    lines(dat.zoo[,i],col=cols[i],lwd=1.5)
}
legend(x="topright",inset=-0.01,bg="white",legend=colnames(airquality)[1:4],lwd=1.5,col=cols,title="Air",xpd=T)
title("airquality")

ggplot2

日付データにはしない方法

library(ggplot2)
mat<- as.matrix(airquality[,1:4])
rownames(mat)<- paste0(airquality[,"Month"],"/",airquality[,"Day"])
at<- grep("/1$",rownames(mat))
df <- reshape2::melt(mat)
ggplot(df,aes(x=as.numeric(Var1),y=value,colour=Var2)) + 
    geom_line() +
    theme_bw(14) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks=at ,labels= rownames(mat)[at]) +
    labs(title="airquality",x="Date",y="",colour="Air")

日付データにする方法

library(ggplot2)
mat<- as.matrix(airquality[,1:4])
# as.characterをつけて一旦文字に変換
rownames(mat)<- as.character(seq(as.Date("1973-05-01"),by="day",length.out=nrow(airquality)))
df <- reshape2::melt(mat)
#
# as.Dateで日付データに戻す
ggplot(df,aes(x=as.Date(Var1),y=value,colour=Var2)) + 
    geom_line() +
    theme_bw(14) +
# scale_x_dateを使う。目盛りは１ヶ月毎表示形式 月/日
    scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 month",date_labels = "%m/%d") +
    labs(title="airquality",x="Date",y="",colour="Air")
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