Article Outline
Python matplotlib example 'milkywayplot'
Functions in program:
def make_mw_plot(fig=None, mw_img_name = "Milky_Way_2005.jpg",def get_image(mw_img_url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Milky_Way_2005.jpg"):
Modules used in program:
import urllibimport mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helperimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport PILimport numpy as np
python milkywayplot
Python matplotlib example: milkywayplot
import numpy as np
import PIL
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_helper_curvelinear import GridHelperCurveLinear
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import SubplotHost, ParasiteAxesAuxTrans
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
# annotated version
# http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/236084main_MilkyWay-full-annotated.jpg
import urllib
def get_image(mw_img_url="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Milky_Way_2005.jpg"):
"""
Download an image - default is non-annotated Robert Hurt image
Annotated version here:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/236084main_MilkyWay-full-annotated.jpg
"""
urllib.urlretrieve(mw_img_url)
def make_mw_plot(fig=None, mw_img_name = "Milky_Way_2005.jpg",
solar_rad=8.5, fignum=5):
"""
Generate a "Milky Way" plot with Robert Hurt's Milky Way illustration as
the background.
.. TODO:
Figure out how to fix the axis labels. They don't work now!
Parameters
----------
fig : matplotlib.figure instance
If you want to start with a figure instance, can specify it
mw_img_name: str
The name of the image on disk
solar_rad : float
The assumed Galactocentric orbital radius of the sun
fignum : int
If Figure not specified, use this figure number
"""
# load image
mw = np.array(PIL.Image.open(mw_img_name))[:,::-1]
# set some constants
npix = mw.shape[0] # must be symmetric
# Galactic Center in middle of image
gc_loc = [x/2 for x in mw.shape]
# Sun is at 0.691 (maybe really 0.7?) length of image
sun_loc = mw.shape[0]/2,int(mw.shape[1]*0.691)
# determine scaling
kpc_per_pix = solar_rad / (sun_loc[1]-gc_loc[1])
boxsize = npix*kpc_per_pix
# most of the code below is taken from:
# http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/examples/axes_grid/demo_curvelinear_grid.html
# and http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/examples/axes_grid/demo_floating_axis.html
if fig is None:
fig = plt.figure(fignum)
plt.clf()
# PolarAxes.PolarTransform takes radian. However, we want our coordinate
# system in degree
# this defines the polar coordinate system @ Galactic center
tr = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
# polar projection, which involves cycle, and also has limits in
# its coordinates, needs a special method to find the extremes
# (min, max of the coordinate within the view).
# grid helper stuff, I think (grid is off by default)
# This may not apply to the image *at all*, but would if you
# used the grid
# 40, 40 : number of sampling points along x, y direction
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(40, 40,
lon_cycle = 360,
lat_cycle = None,
lon_minmax = None,
lat_minmax = (0, np.inf),
)
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorDMS(12)
# Find a grid values appropriate for the coordinate (degree,
# minute, second).
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
# And also uses an appropriate formatter. Note that,the
# acceptable Locator and Formatter class is a bit different than
# that of mpl's, and you cannot directly use mpl's Locator and
# Formatter here (but may be possible in the future).
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
extreme_finder=extreme_finder,
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1,
#tick_formatter2=matplotlib.ticker.FuncFormatter(lambda x: x * kpc_per_pix)
)
galactocentric_axis = SubplotHost(fig, 1, 1, 1, grid_helper=grid_helper, axisbg='#333333')
# make ticklabels of right and top axis INvisible.
galactocentric_axis.axis["right"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
galactocentric_axis.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
# let right axis shows ticklabels for 1st coordinate (angle)
#galactocentric_axis.axis["right"].get_helper().nth_coord_ticks=0
# let bottom axis shows ticklabels for 2nd coordinate (radius / the linear coordinate)
# attempt to add more tick marks
galactocentric_axis.set_xticks(np.arange(-25,26,5))
galactocentric_axis.set_yticks(np.arange(-25,26,5))
galactocentric_axis.axis["bottom"].get_helper().nth_coord_ticks=1
galactocentric_axis.axis["left"].get_helper().nth_coord_ticks=1
galactocentric_axis.set_xticks(np.arange(-25,26,5))
galactocentric_axis.set_yticks(np.arange(-25,26,5))
fig.add_subplot(galactocentric_axis)
# A parasite axes with given transform
gc_polar = ParasiteAxesAuxTrans(galactocentric_axis, tr, "equal")
# note that ax2.transData == tr + galactocentric_axis.transData
# Anthing you draw in ax2 will match the ticks and grids of galactocentric_axis.
galactocentric_axis.parasites.append(gc_polar)
# set the axis limits
galactocentric_axis.set_aspect(1.)
galactocentric_axis.set_xlim(-boxsize/2,boxsize/2)
galactocentric_axis.set_ylim(-boxsize/2,boxsize/2)
# show the image
galactocentric_axis.imshow(mw,extent=[-boxsize/2,boxsize/2,-boxsize/2,boxsize/2])
heliocentric_axis = galactocentric_axis.twin(Affine2D().translate(0,solar_rad))
# need to rotate by -90 deg to get into the standard convention
tr_helio = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.).translate(-np.pi/2.,0) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
hc_polar = ParasiteAxesAuxTrans(heliocentric_axis, tr_helio, "equal", grid_helper=grid_helper)
galactocentric_axis.parasites.append(hc_polar)
# hide the polar coordinate labels
galactocentric_axis.axis["right"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
galactocentric_axis.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
heliocentric_axis.axis["right"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
heliocentric_axis.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(False)
return galactocentric_axis, heliocentric_axis, gc_polar, hc_polar
if __name__=="__main__":
gc,hc,gcp,hcp = make_mw_plot()
hcp.grid(color='white')
hc.plot(0,0,'o',color='gold',markersize=10,markeredgecolor='gold',markerfacecolor='none',zorder=50,alpha=1,markeredgewidth=2)
hc.plot(0,0,'.',color='gold',markersize=3,markeredgecolor='gold',markerfacecolor='gold',zorder=50,alpha=1,markeredgewidth=2)
gc.plot(0,0,'o',color=(0.3,1,0.3,0.5),markersize=30,markeredgecolor=(0.3,1,0.3,0.5))
gc.text(0,0,'GC',horizontalalignment='center',verticalalignment='center')
gcp.plot(-30,3,'s')
hcp.plot(20,3,'^')
hcp.plot(45,6,'h')
hcp.plot(-45,6,'o')
hcp.plot(np.linspace(0,90),np.ones(50)*3)
hcp.plot(np.linspace(90,180),np.ones(50)*4)
plt.show()
Python links
- Learn Python: https://pythonbasics.org/
- Python Tutorial: https://pythonprogramminglanguage.com