前面測試了用pgbarman / pgbackrest 來備份 postgresql
這次改從system file level 來下手
採用zfs 的快照來備份、還原postgresql 資料庫
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建立測試資料庫、TABLE、snapshot
資料庫現況
只有系統預設的DB,沒有其他多的東西
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c '\l'
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
232M /zp/database/10/main/
建立第一次的快照
2019-09-06 09:03:46 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
no datasets available
2019-09-06 09:03:53 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@init_db_no_demo
2019-09-06 09:04:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 0 - 231M -
2019-09-06 09:04:15 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
建立、倒回測試資料庫 demo
postgres@hqdc034:~$ createdb demo
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql demo < /home/changch/Downloads/demo.sql
SET
SET
略...
再檢查一次資料庫的狀況,看到 demo DB出現了,資料庫目錄也變大了
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c '\l'
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
demo | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
2.1G /zp/database/10/main/
postgres@hqdc034:~$
建立第二次快照
這次的快照,將包含剛剛倒回的 demo DB,但是不包含等下才要建立的測試 table
2019-09-06 09:16:01 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 0 - 2.08G -
2019-09-06 09:16:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
建立測試 table
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'create table test ( a int, b varchar(50) );'
CREATE TABLE
postgres@hqdc034:~$
建立第三次快照
這次快照,只有建立 test table ,但是裡面沒有資料
2019-09-06 09:18:34 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 0 - 2.08G -
2019-09-06 09:18:36 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
在test table 插入100萬筆資料
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,1000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
INSERT 0 1000000
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
---------
1000000
(1 row)
postgres@hqdc034:~$
建立第四次快照
test table 內有 1000000 筆資料
2019-09-06 09:18:36 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows
2019-09-06 09:21:08 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 0 - 2.15G -
2019-09-06 09:21:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
再次插入 100萬筆資料
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,1000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
INSERT 0 1000000
real 0m4.276s
user 0m0.020s
sys 0m0.012s
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
---------
2000000
(1 row)
postgres@hqdc034:~$
建立第五次快照
現在 test table 有 200萬筆資料了
2019-09-06 09:21:09 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows
2019-09-06 09:22:29 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 0 - 2.23G -
2019-09-06 09:22:30 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
玩大點,直接湊滿1000萬筆資料好了
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,8000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
INSERT 0 8000000
real 0m32.172s
user 0m0.024s
sys 0m0.008s
postgres@hqdc034:~$ psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
----------
10000000
(1 row)
postgres@hqdc034:~$
建立第六次快照
10M rows in test table
2019-09-06 09:22:30 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 09:25:18 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 530K - 2.23G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows 163K - 2.97G -
2019-09-06 09:25:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
到1000萬筆資料為止,現在資料庫大小是這樣
postgres@hqdc034:~$ du -sh /zp/database/10/main/
3.0G /zp/database/10/main/
postgres@hqdc034:~$
還原測試
最後一次做快照的時候,demo DB 裡面有一千萬筆資料,現在來砍掉500萬筆
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'delete from test where a > 5000000;'
DELETE 3000000
real 0m7.844s
user 0m0.024s
sys 0m0.004s
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
---------
7000000
(1 row)
real 0m0.268s
user 0m0.024s
sys 0m0.004s
postgres@hqdc034:~$
咦,怪怪的,為什麼只有砍掉300萬筆? 好,這邊先不管,等等正好來驗證restore的狀況
假設剛剛這個刪除是錯誤的動作,我要回到1000萬資料的狀態,就可以用zfs rollback 來達成
第一次還原
目標是還原到包含1000萬筆資料的狀態(現在是700萬筆)
2019-09-06 09:25:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:14:12 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs rollback -r zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:14:28 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:14:57 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
檢查一下
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
----------
10000000
(1 row)
real 0m5.019s
user 0m0.040s
sys 0m0.008s
postgres@hqdc034:~$
沒錯,又回到1000萬筆資料的狀態了
要注意的是,如果回到更之前的狀態,在該狀態之後的快照將會被清除,除非你先做clone 比如我現在要回到 200萬筆的狀態,那1000萬筆資料的快照就會被刪除
2019-09-06 10:17:32 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:18:50 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs rollback -r zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows
2019-09-06 10:18:57 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 0 - 2.23G -
2019-09-06 10:19:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:19:17 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
---------
2000000
(1 row)
real 0m0.175s
user 0m0.024s
sys 0m0.008s
postgres@hqdc034:~$
啊,我剛剛應該先clone的.... 沒關係,我們再做一次,新增800萬筆資料,湊齊1000萬筆,然後快照
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'with aa as ( select * from generate_series (1,8000000) a ) insert into test select aa.a, md5(aa.a::varchar) from aa;'
INSERT 0 8000000
real 0m35.662s
user 0m0.048s
sys 0m0.004s
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
----------
10000000
(1 row)
real 0m5.259s
user 0m0.024s
sys 0m0.008s
postgres@hqdc034:~$
做快照
2019-09-06 10:19:17 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs snapshot zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:22:59 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list -t snapshot
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp/database@init_db_no_demo 250K - 231M -
zp/database@demo_db_just_restore 138K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_create_test_table_but_no_data 116K - 2.08G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_1M_rows 218K - 2.15G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_2M_rows 56.4M - 2.23G -
zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows 0 - 1.81G -
2019-09-06 10:23:02 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
接著來測試看看 clone snapshot,這是基本的說明
Clones can only be created from a snapshot and a snapshot can not
be deleted until you delete the clone that is based on this snapshot.
To create a clone, use the zfs clone command.
clone 會做出一份跟clone來源一模一樣的資料,在快照模式下,資料是唯讀的,clone出來後,就可以做異動。但是不能刪除clone來源的快照,會提示錯誤。
2019-09-06 10:28:31 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs clone zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:29:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:29:26 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
可以看到做了clone之後,多了一個 zfs dataset 試試看把資料庫路徑直接改到這個新做的dataset 看看能不能啟動資料庫 修改 /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf,然後重起postgresql
#data_directory = '/var/lib/postgresql/10/main' # use data in another directory
#data_directory = '/zp/database/10/main'
data_directory = '/zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows/10/main'
啟動有比較久一點 而且好像沒成功啟動
2019-09-06 10:32:27 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql restart
* Restarting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:33:37 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
2019-09-06 10:33:37 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo netstat -antlp |grep 5432
而且在 syslog & postgresql log 中看不到什麼異常,怪了! 而且再啟動一次就好了?
再來測試一次看看
2019-09-06 10:37:22 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql stop
* Stopping PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:38:03 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp 3.24G 231G 22K /zp
zp/database 3.24G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 165M 231G 1.88G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:38:13 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs destroy zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:38:21 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs clone zp/database@demo_db_test_table_with_10M_rows zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:38:32 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:38:35 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start^C
2019-09-06 10:38:44 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zp 3.08G 231G 22K /zp
zp/database 3.08G 231G 1.88G /zp/database
zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows 0 231G 1.81G /zp/database/clone_with_10M_rows
2019-09-06 10:38:45 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ sudo service postgresql start
* Starting PostgreSQL 10 database server [ OK ]
2019-09-06 10:39:04 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$ netstat -antlp |grep 5432
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN -
2019-09-06 10:39:13 [changch@hqdc034 ~]$
這次就沒問題?看來是我第一次下指令的時候,不該用sudo netstat -antlp 去檢查? anyway ,回到psql 來看看內容
postgres@hqdc034:~$ time psql -c 'select count(*) from test;'
count
----------
10000000
(1 row)
real 0m4.716s
user 0m0.028s
sys 0m0.004s
postgres@hqdc034:~$
Good ,clone 出來的果然是1000萬筆資料時的狀態
這次測試就先到此為止,後面再來測試zfs的 replication and send/recv