Common LaTeX Mathematical Symbols
This article listed some common $\LaTeX$ mathematical symbols, especially those hard to remember ones. The list may not be as useful for you as for me, since people's majors varies, but hope it can help you.
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Here is the reference of this article, which concludes much more.
If there is any typo or incorrect thing, please tell me. Thank you.
Common Symbols
Greek and Hebrew letters
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\varphi$ |
\varphi |
| $\varepsilon$ |
\varepsilon |
| $\vartheta$ |
\vartheta |
| $\eta$ |
\eta |
| $\lambda$ |
\lambda |
| $\rho$ |
\rho |
| $\xi$ |
\xi |
| $\chi$ |
\chi |
| $\Gamma$ |
\Gamma |
| $\Lambda$ |
\Lambda |
| $\Xi$ |
\Xi |
Too common letters like $\alpha$, $\beta$ are not listed here.
$\LaTeX$ Math Constructs
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\frac{abc}{xyz}$ |
\frac{abc}{xyz} |
| $\sqrt{abc}$ |
\sqrt{abc} |
| $\sqrt[n]{abc}$ |
\sqrt[n]{abc} |
| $\overline{abc}$ |
\overline{abc} |
| $\overrightarrow{abc}$ |
\overrightarrow{abc} |
| $\overleftarrow{abc}$ |
\overleftarrow{abc} |
Variable-sized symbols (大型运算符)
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
Comment |
| $\sum$ |
\sum |
It's not $\Sigma$ (\Sigma) |
| $\prod$ |
\prod |
It's not $\Pi$ (\Pi) |
| $\int$ |
\int |
|
| $\oint$ |
\oint |
|
| $\iint$ |
\iint |
Can add up to 3 ($\iiint$) and 4 ($\iiiint$) |
Standard Function Names
Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g.,
- Correct:
\sin\theta → $\sin\theta$
- Incorrect:
sin\theta → $sin\theta$
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\sin$ |
\sin |
| $\exp$ |
\exp |
| $\ln$ |
\ln |
Many others are not listed here.
Operation/Relation Symbols
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\times$ |
\times |
| $\div$ |
\div |
| $\cdot $ |
\cdot |
| $\ast$ |
\ast |
| $\pm$ |
\pm |
| $\mp$ |
\mp |
| $\bot$ |
\bot |
| $\equiv$ |
\equiv |
| $\cong$ |
\cong |
| $\neq$ |
\ne or \neq |
| $\sim$ |
\sim |
| $\simeq$ |
\simeq |
| $\approx$ |
\approx |
| $\propto$ |
\propto |
| $\leq$ |
\leq |
| $\leqslant$ |
\leqslant |
| $\ll$ |
\ll |
| $\geq$ |
\geq |
| $\geqslant$ |
\geqslant |
| $\gg$ |
\gg |
| $\because$ |
\because |
| $\therefore$ |
\therefore |
Arrow symbols
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\leftarrow$ |
\leftarrow |
| $\rightarrow$ |
\rightarrow |
| $\leftrightarrow$ |
\leftrightarrow |
| $\Leftarrow$ |
\Leftarrow |
| $\longleftarrow$ |
\longleftarrow |
| $\Longleftarrow$ |
\Longleftarrow |
Miscellaneous symbols (杂项符号)
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\infty$ |
\infty |
| $\nabla$ |
\nabla |
| $\partial$ |
\partial |
| $\hbar$ |
\hbar |
| $\hslash$ |
\hslash |
| $\prime$ |
\prime |
| $\cdots$ |
\cdots |
| $\vdots$ |
\vdots |
| $\ddots$ |
\ddots |
| $\AA$ |
\AA (See a note below) |
| $\mathring{A}$ |
\mathring{A} |
| $\LaTeX$ |
\LaTeX |
Note: \AA (as well as \LaTeX) belong to text mode rather than symbols, therefore maybe not work in some environment, e.g. mathjax. The simplest way is use \mathring{A} instead, which looks like $\mathring{A}$.
Math mode accents
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
| $\dot{a}$ |
\dot{a} |
| $\ddot{a}$ |
\ddot{a} |
| $\bar{a}$ |
\bar{a} |
| $\hat{a}$ |
\hat{a} |
| $\vec{a}$ |
\vec{a} |
| $\tilde{a}$ |
\tilde{a} |
Several similar symbol pairs
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
Note |
| $\Sigma$ |
\Sigma |
symbol |
| $\sum$ |
\sum |
e.g. $z=\sum_j z_j$ |
| Symbol |
LaTeX code |
Note |
| $\epsilon$ |
\epsilon |
Less common |
| $\varepsilon$ |
\varepsilon |
Common used one in mathematics. |
Reference
https://www.caam.rice.edu/~heinken/latex/symbols.pdf
