Article Outline
Python pyqt (gui) example 'BarStack'
Modules used in program:
import sys
BarStack
Python pyqt example: BarStack
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Created on 2017年12月28日
@author: Irony."[讽刺]
@site: https://pyqt5.com , https://github.com/892768447
@email: [email protected]
@file: charts.bar.BarStack
@description: like http://echarts.baidu.com/demo.html#bar-stack
'''
import sys
from random import randint
from PyQt5.QtChart import QChartView, QChart, QBarSeries, QBarSet, QBarCategoryAxis
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QPointF, QRectF, QPoint
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPen
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QGraphicsLineItem, QWidget, \
QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QGraphicsProxyWidget
__Author__ = "By: Irony.\"[讽刺]\nQQ: 892768447\nEmail: [email protected]"
__Copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2017 Irony.\"[讽刺]"
__Version__ = "Version 1.0"
class ToolTipItem(QWidget):
def __init__(self, color, text, parent=None):
super(ToolTipItem, self).__init__(parent)
layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
layout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
clabel = QLabel(self)
clabel.setMinimumSize(12, 12)
clabel.setMaximumSize(12, 12)
clabel.setStyleSheet("border-radius:6px;background: rgba(%s,%s,%s,%s);" % (
color.red(), color.green(), color.blue(), color.alpha()))
layout.addWidget(clabel)
self.textLabel = QLabel(text, self, styleSheet="color:white;")
layout.addWidget(self.textLabel)
def setText(self, text):
self.textLabel.setText(text)
class ToolTipWidget(QWidget):
Cache = {}
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ToolTipWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_StyledBackground, True)
self.setStyleSheet(
"ToolTipWidget{background: rgba(50, 50, 50, 100);}")
layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
self.titleLabel = QLabel(self, styleSheet="color:white;")
layout.addWidget(self.titleLabel)
def updateUi(self, title, bars):
self.titleLabel.setText(title)
for bar, value in bars:
if bar not in self.Cache:
item = ToolTipItem(
bar.color(),
(bar.label() or "-") + ":" + str(value), self)
self.layout().addWidget(item)
self.Cache[bar] = item
else:
self.Cache[bar].setText(
(bar.label() or "-") + ":" + str(value))
brush = bar.brush()
color = brush.color()
self.Cache[bar].setVisible(color.alphaF() == 1.0) # 隐藏那些不可用的项
self.adjustSize() # 调整大小
class GraphicsProxyWidget(QGraphicsProxyWidget):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(GraphicsProxyWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.setZValue(999)
self.tipWidget = ToolTipWidget()
self.setWidget(self.tipWidget)
self.hide()
def width(self):
return self.size().width()
def height(self):
return self.size().height()
def show(self, title, bars, pos):
self.setGeometry(QRectF(pos, self.size()))
self.tipWidget.updateUi(title, bars)
super(GraphicsProxyWidget, self).show()
class ChartView(QChartView):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ChartView, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.resize(800, 600)
self.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing) # 抗锯齿
self.initChart()
# 提示widget
self.toolTipWidget = GraphicsProxyWidget(self._chart)
# line 宽度需要调整
self.lineItem = QGraphicsLineItem(self._chart)
pen = QPen(Qt.gray)
self.lineItem.setPen(pen)
self.lineItem.setZValue(998)
self.lineItem.hide()
# 一些固定计算，减少mouseMoveEvent中的计算量
# 获取x和y轴的最小最大值
axisX, axisY = self._chart.axisX(), self._chart.axisY()
self.category_len = len(axisX.categories())
self.min_x, self.max_x = -0.5, self.category_len - 0.5
self.min_y, self.max_y = axisY.min(), axisY.max()
# 坐标系中左上角顶点
self.point_top = self._chart.mapToPosition(
QPointF(self.min_x, self.max_y))
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
super(ChartView, self).mouseMoveEvent(event)
pos = event.pos()
# 把鼠标位置所在点转换为对应的xy值
x = self._chart.mapToValue(pos).x()
y = self._chart.mapToValue(pos).y()
index = round(x)
# 得到在坐标系中的所有bar的类型和点
serie = self._chart.series()[0]
bars = [(bar, bar.at(index))
for bar in serie.barSets() if self.min_x <= x <= self.max_x and self.min_y <= y <= self.max_y]
# print(bars)
if bars:
right_top = self._chart.mapToPosition(
QPointF(self.max_x, self.max_y))
# 等分距离比例
step_x = round(
(right_top.x() - self.point_top.x()) / self.category_len)
posx = self._chart.mapToPosition(QPointF(x, self.min_y))
self.lineItem.setLine(posx.x(), self.point_top.y(),
posx.x(), posx.y())
self.lineItem.show()
try:
title = self.categories[index]
except:
title = ""
t_width = self.toolTipWidget.width()
t_height = self.toolTipWidget.height()
# 如果鼠标位置离右侧的距离小于tip宽度
x = pos.x() - t_width if self.width() - \
pos.x() - 20 < t_width else pos.x()
# 如果鼠标位置离底部的高度小于tip高度
y = pos.y() - t_height if self.height() - \
pos.y() - 20 < t_height else pos.y()
self.toolTipWidget.show(
title, bars, QPoint(x, y))
else:
self.toolTipWidget.hide()
self.lineItem.hide()
def handleMarkerClicked(self):
marker = self.sender() # 信号发送者
if not marker:
return
bar = marker.barset()
if not bar:
return
# bar透明度
brush = bar.brush()
color = brush.color()
alpha = 0.0 if color.alphaF() == 1.0 else 1.0
color.setAlphaF(alpha)
brush.setColor(color)
bar.setBrush(brush)
# marker
brush = marker.labelBrush()
color = brush.color()
alpha = 0.4 if color.alphaF() == 1.0 else 1.0
# 设置label的透明度
color.setAlphaF(alpha)
brush.setColor(color)
marker.setLabelBrush(brush)
# 设置marker的透明度
brush = marker.brush()
color = brush.color()
color.setAlphaF(alpha)
brush.setColor(color)
marker.setBrush(brush)
def handleMarkerHovered(self, status):
# 设置bar的画笔宽度
marker = self.sender() # 信号发送者
if not marker:
return
bar = marker.barset()
if not bar:
return
pen = bar.pen()
if not pen:
return
pen.setWidth(pen.width() + (1 if status else -1))
bar.setPen(pen)
def handleBarHoverd(self, status, index):
# 设置bar的画笔宽度
bar = self.sender() # 信号发送者
pen = bar.pen()
if not pen:
return
pen.setWidth(pen.width() + (1 if status else -1))
bar.setPen(pen)
def initChart(self):
self._chart = QChart(title="柱状图堆叠")
self._chart.setAcceptHoverEvents(True)
# Series动画
self._chart.setAnimationOptions(QChart.SeriesAnimations)
self.categories = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]
names = ["邮件营销", "联盟广告", "视频广告", "直接访问", "搜索引擎"]
series = QBarSeries(self._chart)
for name in names:
bar = QBarSet(name)
# 随机数据
for _ in range(7):
bar.append(randint(0, 10))
series.append(bar)
bar.hovered.connect(self.handleBarHoverd) # 鼠标悬停
self._chart.addSeries(series)
self._chart.createDefaultAxes() # 创建默认的轴
# x轴
axis_x = QBarCategoryAxis(self._chart)
axis_x.append(self.categories)
self._chart.setAxisX(axis_x, series)
# chart的图例
legend = self._chart.legend()
legend.setVisible(True)
# 遍历图例上的标记并绑定信号
for marker in legend.markers():
# 点击事件
marker.clicked.connect(self.handleMarkerClicked)
# 鼠标悬停事件
marker.hovered.connect(self.handleMarkerHovered)
self.setChart(self._chart)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
view = ChartView()
view.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
Useful links
- Learn PyQt: https://pythonbasics.org/pyqt-hello-world/
- Install PyQt: https://pythonbasics.org/install-pyqt/